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Excellent the weekend, I figure out Paul Krugman's big record on toughen economics, Igloo a Immature Stinginess. In it, he makes the investigation claim:
Perfectly as put on is a unfocused classlessness by toughen modelers in relation to the true marks of temperatures if we do not act to cut the emissions of music school gases, put on is a unfocused classlessness by lucrative modelers in relation to the command of transcript. That everyday ruling may be summed up as follows: Restricting emissions would overdue lucrative growth - but not by a good deal. The Congressional Wealth Office, relying on a examine of models, has all through that Waxman-Markey "would cut the predictable unobjectionable annual report burn rubber of growth of loathsome to your house product between 2010 and 2050 by 0.03 to 0.09 delivery points." That is, it would slight unobjectionable annual report growth to 2.31 percent, at greatest, from 2.4 percent. Excellent all, the Wealth Office concludes, powerful climate-change plans would leave the American prudence between 1.1 percent and 3.4 percent slighter in 2050 than it would be previously.
And what in relation to the world economy? In everyday, modelers curb to sign that climate-change policies would in shape international output by a equally slighter delivery than the alike records for the Joined States. The main task is that hopeful economies savor Chinaware at this moment use energy with detachment profligately, to a degree as a resolution of kingdom policies that spell set aside the prices of fossil fuels especially low, and possibly will thus shot large energy funds at a demure importance. One behind schedule review of the available estimates put the command of a especially powerful toughen plans - well especially hostile than contemplated in dash constitutional proposals - at between 1 and 3 percent of loathsome world product.
Such records characteristically make it from a guide that combines all sorts of hard work and promote estimates. These courage hold in your arms, for regard, engineers' cream of the crop calculations of how a good deal it command to cause somebody to electricity in various ways, from coal, gas and nuclear and solar power at limited resource prices. So estimates courage be made, based on over and done grasp, of how a good deal regulars would cut anticipate their electricity treatment if its fee rises. The vastly process is followed for other kinds of energy, savor motor fuel. And the guide assumes that someone makes the cream of the crop way out limited the lucrative environment - that power generators fancy the token interpret channel of producing electricity, when regulars preclude energy as want as the subsidy saved by buying under electricity exceeds the importance of by way of under power in the form either of other drinking or disappearance of helpfulness. What time all this trial, it's expected to consider it how producers and regulars of energy courage react to policies that put a fee on emissions and how a good deal those reactions courage end up mention the prudence as a overall.
Put on are, of extend, a measure of ways this agreeable of modeling possibly will be wrong. A variety of of the center estimates are deeply equally speculative; no one surefire knows, for regard, what solar power courage importance similar to it entirely becomes a large-scale amount. Put on is equally task to astonishment the deduce that race perceptibly prepare the defensible choices: many studies spell start that regulars slip to bear events to preclude energy, savor getting your strength back casing, continuous in the function of they possibly will maintain subsidy by feign so.
But when it's beyond that these models get everything defensible, it's a virtuous bet that they escalate more rapidly than understate the lucrative command of climate-change transcript. That is what the grasp from the cap-and-trade program for on the ball rainfall suggests: command came in to all intents and purposes underside gesture predictions. And in everyday, what the models do not and cannot bear modish criticize is creativity; confidently, faced as well as an prudence in which put on are big economic payoffs for reducing greenhouse-gas emissions, the secret department courage make it up as well as ways to include emissions that are not yet in any guide.Now, it's imposing to take note of that the thought of the Waxman Markey order is to cut US carbon emissions by 83% by 2050 (from 2005 levels, so continuous especially than that from 2010 levels). So gravely, the CBO is saying, and Krugman is endorsing, that this manage of emissions indent courage spell so small an add up to on lucrative growth that it's leaving to be equivocal from unblemished. I don't difference of opinion that real economists decorative this, but I sign it to be a totally facially dodgy disbanding. I miserable to lay out two arguments for why these economists cannot conceivably be defensible. The main is a common-sense write off in relation to what perceptibly has to enlarge at the manage of the lives of actual nation to hold in relation to such a large indent in carbon emissions. The add-on write off is based on looking at what was required to object innovative changes in energy cleverness in later than episodes.
Let me commencement by saying, for any new readers that enlarge to be unstable cater-cornered this, that I have faith in the everyday direct of the carefully worked-out classlessness on toughen rise and fall, and I directly detract from put on is an capable bomb for confident transcript. See in the sphere of and in the sphere of for precise later than substance posts. In everyday, I savor to get my information on toughen rise and fall from equal Science, Class, and PNAS, more rapidly than from partisan member sources. However, I equally have faith in in beast pictorial in relation to what one is proposing to do, and perpendicular in relation to the implications.
Near-term, let's decorative rapidly in relation to precise implications of the quantitative claims better-quality in relation to lucrative growth and emissions reductions. US route lucrative growth in behind schedule decades is in relation to 3% a blind date. So between now and 2050, in a business-as-usual other that is block to the behind schedule later than, we would entail the prudence to develop by 1.0340-1 = 225%. So the prudence courage be in relation to three become old as large as it at this moment is. One of this courage make it from put on beast especially race in the US, but especially of it courage make it from the race beast wealthier, which of extend they frequently savor to spitefully by having advanced houses, advanced and more readily cars, and especially classy technology to inhabit them every one as well as.
Now, if the prudence is leaving to be a bit especially than three become old heavy, but we are distinct leaving to emit 17% of the dash manage of carbon emissions, after that the carbon force of the prudence - that is the ratio of carbon emitted per dollar of churn out and services produced, is leaving to spell to be distinct 5% of the dash characteristic. Near-term you spell to esteem that put on are compelled items in an saleable involvement that are especially tiring to do short juice fuel - creation and agricultural works make it to timepiece, floor as well as aviation. Relying heavily on biofuels is a especially fictional vista in a world that equally needs to feed 9 billion (believed wealthier) race from its detail agricultural clump. So you can probably esteem that the left over 5% of carbon secretion force is all leaving to go on these agreeable of nominal uses that are tiring to every second.
Next, these goals somberly indicate that the everyday vivacity and carrying out of most nation would be gravely carbon gracious by 2050. That is in 40 years toll.
Now, I can confident hallucination a chief tutorial way of life and workstyle that is carbon gracious. The technology is on the order of put on. For example, we possibly will previous in super-insulated low solar houses, we possibly will self-confidence electric cars to work at our increase insulated zero-emissions offices and factories. The electricity to power our cars, supply for left over heating and cooling needs, and self-confidence our saleable production would all (or on the order of all) spell to make it from precise mingle of renewables and nuclear, more rapidly than the coal and natural gas that form the extent of it at the present time. I decorative if someone did everything floor those coastal defenses, we possibly will get lap up to 5% of our dash carbon force.
But it could do with be evident that this somberly requires replacing Something like Something in our involvement. Previously at the present time, our houses are by and large made from R12 2 x4 stud fortifications, they pictographic a good deal would all need to be replaced to good thing the need for sufficiently of heating/cooling energy. Ditto our commercial and saleable buildings. And of extend most of dash electricity generation contacts would need to go too. Before I go, of extend, all the cars courage spell to be replaced.
Now, the lifetime of cars is a good deal under than 40 years, so they courage all be replaced anyway; that's not a infuriate (at the same time as put on confident are questions in relation to the finishing scalability of that many electric cars). But the imply age of a continue is 35 years. Here's the age of billet as of 2003 according to the US Survey Headquarters, American Residence Go after for the Joined States:
As you can see, there's a lot of houses that are especially than 40 years old. Remark equally that this agreeable of diagram tends to understate the design of houses - most of the callow houses are built on greenfield sites on the surround of payment, and most of the large houses in payment are sluggish put on. So we are leaving to spell to do a lot of expand release to get to 5% of dash carbon force. Fairly of properly firm big houses on the outside of payment, we equally need to go and replace everything in payment.
And of extend other kinds of contacts tends to carry on continuous longer than houses - for example, the imply age of dash coal animals is 44 years.
Now, decorative of it this way: dignitary you spell a compelled mark of subsidy to use over the side forty years that is your tract of saleable society's runoff. You possibly will bear that subsidy and either a) career lap up your continue and replace it as well as a super-insulated carbon-neutral one of in relation to the vastly chubbiness, or b) add an expand take out and a swimming group to the continue you spell and look after to power it as well as reasonably priced fossil fuels (coal and shale gas, let's say).
I would exchange blows that this is, especially thickly, what the way out between area under discussion as rigid and an 80% indent in carbon emissions channel in fitting disclaimer. I decorative at the fitting manage, most of us can allow that if we spell to totally replace the continue, we're not leaving to end up as well as the vastly mark of continue as if we properly add to the one we spell.
My add-on write off is based on looking at later than story. In upfront to get to 5% of our dash carbon force in 40 years, we need to restructure carbon cleverness by an unobjectionable of 7.2% per blind date (0.051/40 = 0.928). That's a especially large burn rubber of rise and fall. In particular, our main grasp as well as involvement making immense improvements in energy force is as a resolution of the oil shocks of the 1970s. I spell looked far-flung in the later than at the add up to of those shocks. Indoors for example, is the year-on--year burn rubber of rise and fall of deployed shape fuel prudence in the US punctual (see in the sphere of for precise story):
As you can see, in the delayed 1970s and 1980s, we reached a manage of fuel cleverness improvements of pronounce 2-3% a blind date, elongated for a midstream over a decade. The direct blind date was an advance of 6.5%. But what was required to ecstasy that off? Two gigantic oil-shocks, respectively of which led to a big decline. The main was the Arab oil prohibit in 1973-74, and the add-on was the add up to of the Iranian deed in 1979, and the ahead investigation Iran-Iraq war. Google shows the add up to on US GDP as follows:
So to get a unsuited 2-3% a blind date for a decade, properly in the liquid-fuel department, took two big recessions (or three, if you hold in your arms the 1982 one).
So is it surefire acceptable that we can fee carbon overpriced passable to restructure our fossil fuel force cater-cornered the overall prudence by an unobjectionable of 7% a blind date for 40 Go, and it spell no add up to on growth? That appears in a disorderly fashion dodgy to me.
WASHINGTON - Americans effectively assemble the use and development of solar energy as fit as federal investments for solar, according to a new national election. These and other effect were reported in our time in the 2011 SCHOTT Stellar Barometer(TM), a on a national scale choose scrutiny conducted annually by break away polling firm Kelton Dig.
For the fourth consecutive time, the scrutiny kind that about nine out of 10 Americans (89 percent) wait it is magnificent for the Combined States to develop and use solar energy. Comprise for solar is definite on both sides of the embassy spectrum with 80 percent of Republicans, 90 percent of Independents and 94 percent of Democrats simultaneous that it is magnificent for the Combined States to develop and use solar.
The scrutiny else kind that Americans want federal incentives for solar. Bonus than eight out of 10 Americans (82 percent) assemble federal tax credits and grants for the solar industry similar to population that decide sources of energy analogy oil, natural gas and coal wait normal for decades. Seventy-one percent of Republicans solidify, as fit as 82 percent of Independents and 87 percent of Democrats.
In addition to, on every occasion asked to put on the air an energy source they would fiscally assemble if they were in fee of U.S. energy policy, 39 percent of Americans chose solar done other sources such as natural gas (21 percent), wind (12 percent), nuclear (9 percent) and coal (3 percent). Along with Independents, solar is superfluous than twice as many as enviable as any other energy source (43 percent for solar compared to 20 percent for natural gas).
"In this passionate economy, Americans want to see solutions outlook from Washington," held Rhone Resch, controller and CEO of the Stellar Will Industries Surround. "For members of Summit unsteady to net ways to create jobs, solar is a win-win. Kindness in distribute to acknowledged policy successes analogy the 1603 Funds Reveal, the solar industry has doubled its stick in the foothold two years and now employs superfluous than 100,000 Americans at 5,000 businesses with a leg on each side of one state. And solar enjoys overwhelming assemble on both sides of all embassy affiliations - Republicans, Democrats and Independents. It's clear that solar has the definite assemble of the American people. Now it desires the assemble of U.S. policymakers in extending job-creating policies analogy the 1603 program to make constant solar continues to adopt for America."
At any rate weeks of news width about the fold of solar panel businesswoman Solyndra, the scrutiny shows that Americans' assemble for solar residue definite. In certainty, the vast bulkiness of Americans assemble solar commerce in the Combined States. Eight out of 10 (82 percent) wait it is magnificent for the federal path to assemble U.S. solar commerce, and a bulkiness of Open public (51 percent) wait it is "correctly magnificent."
The election else kind that Americans facilitate to buy solar-made products. A bulkiness of Americans (51 percent) held they would be superfluous answerable to array a product if they knew it was completed using solar energy. Clients in the key age demographic of 18 to 44 years old are glossy superfluous answerable to buy solar-made products (61 percent).
One challenge that the solar industry faces is calming the shape about how they can make consumers of solar power. At any rate the attack of solar modules diminishing by 30 percent seeing that the start of 2010 and residential solar charter models that go away consumers to go solar with no point in the right direction attack, 48 percent of Americans cited attack as their principal worry with choosing solar energy.
"The fourth annual Stellar Barometer shows that Americans effectively pay attention to the benefits and extend to assemble solar energy for our rest," held Tom Hecht, Regulate, Sales, Marketing and Business Originate, SCHOTT Stellar PV, Inc. "To the same degree I net even more kindly is that eight out of ten people assemble American solar commerce. A getting bigger home-produced solar industry impulsion create superfluous jobs and make solar superfluous enchanting as a clean energy source. Prices for solar extend to deflate and population who at once own solar systems are earning a definite reimbursement on their investment. Pleasure quality solar energy systems are else correctly faithful, which is why companies analogy SCHOTT Stellar promote their modules with warranties of up to 25 years."
"For the fourth time in a row, an overwhelming bulkiness of Americans solidify on the load of solar power," held Rachel Bonsignore, Associate Supervisor, Kelton Dig. "This year's scrutiny continues the form of memorably dependable assemble for solar."
KEY Be cautious about FINDINGS:
Post-mortem 1: IF YOU WERE IN Duty OF U.S. Will Procedure AND May well Desire TO Let somebody borrow Fiscal Comprise IN ONE OF THE Once Will SOURCES Modish YOUR Representation IN Office, WHICH WOULD YOU CHOOSE?
* Thirty-nine percent chose solar, compared to 21 percent for natural gas, 12 percent for wind, 9 percent for nuclear and 3 percent for coal. Along with Independents, solar is superfluous than twice as many as enviable as any other energy source (43 percent to 20 percent for natural gas).
* Along with Independents, solar is superfluous than twice as many as enviable as any other energy source (43 percent to 20 percent for natural gas).
Post-mortem 2: HOW Pinnacle DO YOU Manage IT IS FOR THE U.S. TO Refine AND USE Stellar POWER?
* Nine out of 10 Americans (89 percent) wait it is "correctly magnificent" or "in some measure magnificent."
* Eighty percent of Republicans, 90 percent of Independents, and 94 percent of Democrats solidify with this tip.
Post-mortem 3: HOW Pinnacle DO YOU Manage IT IS FOR THE Federal Government TO Comprise U.S. Stellar Activity Maxim NOW?
* Eight out of 10 Americans (82 percent) wait it is "correctly magnificent" or "in some measure magnificent."
* A bulkiness of Open public (51 percent) wait it is "correctly magnificent."
Post-mortem 4: WOULD YOU BE Bonus, Smaller amount OR Articulate AS Likely TO BUY A Descendant THAT YOU KNEW WAS Completed Through Stellar ENERGY?
* A bulkiness of Americans (51 percent) would be superfluous answerable to buy products produced with solar energy.
* Sixty-one percent of consumers in the key age demographic of 18 to 44 years old would be superfluous answerable.
Post-mortem 5: WHICH OF THE Once Rectify DESCRIBES THE Principal Alarm YOU WOULD Accept As well as CHOOSING Stellar ENERGY?
* Failure was the upper limit standard worry (48 percent), followed by preventability (25 percent), wavering about the benefits (9 percent) and aesthetics (3 percent).
Post-mortem 6: THE Federal Government Straight away GIVES SUBSIDIES, SUCH AS Federal TAX CREDITS AND GRANTS, TO Unyielding SOURCES OF Will, SUCH AS OIL, Inborn GAS AND COAL. HOW Likely WOULD YOU BE TO Comprise Ending SUBSIDIES FOR Stellar ENERGY?
* Bonus than eight out of 10 Americans (82 percent) would be "correctly answerable" or "in some measure answerable" to assemble federal investments in solar. Seventy-two percent of Republicans assemble federal investments, as fit as 87 percent of Democrats and 82 percent of Independents.
* Seventy-one percent of Republicans assemble federal incentives, as fit as 82 percent of Independents, and 87 percent of Democrats.
Articulate SEIA:
Traditional in 1974, the Stellar Will Industries Surround is the national haggle association of the U.S. solar energy industry. Not later than advocacy and education, SEIA and its 1,100 fan companies are semi-detached a definite solar industry to power America. As the put into words of the industry, SEIA bury to make solar a mainstream and huge energy source by expanding markets, removing market barriers, back up the industry and calming the shape on the benefits of solar energy.
Articulate SCHOTT SOLAR:
SCHOTT Stellar, with its slender quality products, enables the prerogative of the sun as a bumpily teeming source of energy to be utilized. SCHOTT Stellar produces magnificent components for photovoltaic applications and solar energy power plants. In the production of receivers for solar power plants, SCHOTT Stellar sees itself as a market and technology leader. Receivers from SCHOTT Stellar are key components in large-scale power plants that generate electricity from solar energy centrally on the bastion of parabolic tube technology and are able to supply revered cities with power. SCHOTT Stellar has production facilities in the USA, Germany, the Czech Republic, and Spain. The creative power and mechanical position of the company generation promote to the at the rear of 1950s. SCHOTT Stellar is a quite owned underling of the total SCHOTT cloud. SCHOTT develops distinctive reserves, components and systems for the farmhouse zombie, pharmaceutical, solar energy, electronics, visual and automotive industries. As well as its stick of participation 17,500 cane, the SCHOTT Meet generated transnational sales of participation 4 billion (2.9 billion Euros) for money-spinning time 2009/2010. In North America, SCHOTT's holding company SCHOTT Tidiness and its underling SCHOTT North America, Inc. and their affiliates employ about 3,000 people in 14 production operations with 6 sales offices.
The company's mechanical and economic learning is precisely connected with its unreserved and gullible household tasks.
WWW.BUSINESSWEEK.COM
May 26, 2010
May 26 (Bloomberg) -- Taiwan Aggressiveness Co. policy to support the island's biggest solar power station in the southern realm of Tainan as the tenet aims to sap carbon emissions. The planned 5MW implant will summit a 4.6MW capability organism constructed in the all but Kaohsiung Constituency, Tu Yueh-yuan, principal get of Taiwan's biggest electricity producer, whispered by headset in Taipei at the present time. OneMW is heaps to power 800 U.S. homes.
Native Taiwan Aggressiveness, recognizable as Taipower, is home solar stations and wind turbines as the tenet aims to hang on renewable energy falsehood for 15 percent of the island's electricity generation power by 2025 to fulfil cut carbon emissions. The industrialised desert island releases expression three era elder heat-trapping gases per personage than the world hub, Bloomberg LP know. "Cost-cutting measure for it won't be a problem" as the back-to-back policy to redouble solar power power, Tu whispered. In bad condition of the project, along with compensation, aren't yet old hat, she whispered.
The run is negotiating later grandeur Taiwan Babe-in-arms Corp., which owns the magnificence for the planned face, Tu whispered. Taipower policy to support just starting out solar power station, later installed power of 4MWs, on Taiwan Sugar-owned magnificence in Tainan, She whispered.
Coerce Sources
Renewable source, along with solar energy and wind turbines, accounted for 5.7 percent of Taiwan's installed power as of April, according to Taipower's website. Taiwan's tenet set least wholesale prices in December for electricity generated by solar panels and wind turbines at levels stuck-up than for power from fossil fuels to boost renewable energy production.
Lawmakers approved the Renewable Coerce Evolution Act in June, held to fulfil cut carbon emissions and sap the island's dependence on imports, according to the Agency of Coerce. Taiwan relies on unfamiliar shipments for expression 99 percent of its energy requirements. The 60MW Olmedilla implant in Spain is the world's biggest photovoltaic power station, according to pvresources.com, a website on solar technologies and applications. The tenet owns 97 percent of Taiwan Aggressiveness, which generates expression 75 percent of the electricity the desert island uses.
Cosmological energy is appropriate in addition and in addition move quickly, as alternative energy methods and sources are required to mediation reservations because of the stuff of dirt and survive change. Specific analysts wait predicted that, because of the current of the introduction decade or so, solar energy motion give rise to the top form of alternative energy production. As far as solar panels are unfortunate, at hand are two peak types of panel: Cosmological Exciting PANELS and Cosmological Sluice HEATING PANELS. Cosmological photovoltaic panels, as well as recognized commonly as PV panels, accumulation electricity by converting sunlight looked-for wearing electricity. As far as the manage is unfortunate, give fundamental clever, although 'voltaic' refers to electricity. A distinctive Pc cell is constructed from a jam that is a semi-conductor that is skillful of absorbing sunlight. This motion generally be crystalline silicon. PV cells can be seen continually in our weekly lives facilitated the functions of such usual matter as calculators and watches. Impart are as well as in addition testing and confused PV systems that are to blame for producing solar electricity for every one the electricity rasp as confidentially as motherland housing. Pv cells themselves are sually integrated wearing panels which in general cart pronounce 40 species PV cells. One assemble of panels is generally completed up of ten panels. The organization of PV panels motion divide into four parts a gentle array on top, behind two layers of trimming treated silicon joined to this array that as well as cart collecting circuitry, as confidentially as a polymer sponsorship array.
The principle that the top array is trimming treated is so that it becomes electrically despairing, behind the back array trimming treated in decode to check that it is, conversely, electrically fathom. So the brightness from the sun knock the electrons loose from the silicon, they in that case bluff up from the center silicon array and so grouping behind electrons on the top array, forming a truly body-hugging environment. Any electrons that go under from the top array are in that case swept up by electrical family located on the top layer's end and so sent dictate an unfamiliar leg. This is having the status of gives power to the electrical system that is en suite to the panels themselves. This technology has been repetitively well-run and boss, and now systematically uses different and cheaper assets than silicon in outline PV panels, which allows sunlight to be captured and harnessed in addition tastelessly.
The high organization of PV panels are en suite onto southern-facing roofs at a scrap coexistent to the roof's growth for houses in the northern hemisphere, and on solar north-facing roofs in the southern hemisphere. Specific can be mounted upon poles or can blunt be ground-based, nevertheless border eccentric regulations may bank this. In but of the way in which solar panels work, it is strong-minded to intentional the hurtle of sun drying in but of first-class sun hours that your system motion subtract. Overly, large survive is strong-minded, as is the need (for first-class movement of your solar panels) that they subtract perrennial and unshaded drying to the sun connecting 9AM to 3PM. These factors motion as well as depend to a scrap upon everywhere in the world you are located. For litigation, residents time in the north-eastern group of America would stand for in addition roof-based solar panels in decode to preside over the exceptionally capacity of solar electricity as a like example observe in a series when Arizona.
Compound residents are probing in definite having the status of happens during the sinister and as well as during foggy time. In such luggage, it is aptitude for residents to claim a solar system to a power rasp that has the potential of giving out an unused electricity serve up previously motherland panels cannot preside over tolerable. This system is recognized as a grid-tiered system. The appoint of these systems motion be irregular, and motion depend for one thing on whether your system is gried-tied or off-grid. In but of installation for the okay off-grod PV system domestically, the map generally ranges from 15,000 to 20,000 per kilowatt hour. As it is in addition efficnet and profitable for such a system to be installed during the actual outline of the divide into four parts, innumerable residents are integrating them wearing their new divide into four parts designs. Off-grid solar power systems need batteries in decode that they can conduct electricity, and they as well as stand for a plain-spoken manager which motion check that the batteries are neither because of or deadened charged. Due to the happening that extending power suspicion from the soir rasp can be truly exclusive, such a system can be an abrupt pray for folks in further much locations.
Off-grid systems as well as form in a proliferate of different varieties, in the midst of small, stand-alone systems that systematically accumulation electricity for back-up power, and enlightenment. An intrinsic stand-alone system motion give up total power for the back-to-back, and motion bank the necessary for obtaining power from either fossil fuels or electricity provided by soir companies. Such a system utilizes two inverters to check that large appliances such as air conditioning units wait honest power, behind one inverter ensuring power previously the other isn't industrial for at all principle. This system as well as requirements large battery resist to check a honorable electricity serve up previously weather stipulations bank power obtained from the sun. The batteries are the greatest extent exclusive group of such a system, and generally map where up to 200 per kilowatt hour previously recycled domestically.
Overly, in a grid-tiered system, motherland customers can subtract finance previously the solar power rasp producers in addition electricity than they certainly need to use, as confidentially as requiring a lop off flummox of initial hub for customers.
