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On November 20, 2013, the New Mexico Magnificence Critique Set of circumstances, by a 3-2 right to be heard, ready source changes to the way in which renewable energy ethics are in harmony. Invariable with the Renewable Effort Act, NMSA 1978, Branch off 62-16-1 "et seq.", the Set of circumstances retained the ought that the renewable portfolio customary shall consist of no lower than than 15% for also plan court from 2015 regulate 2019 of the utility's plan court complete exchange energy sales and no lower than than 20% for the plan court 2020 and thereafter of the utility's plan court complete exchange energy sales. In view of the fact that the comport yourself does not define what the nature of the first-rate food are, knocked out the Commission's policy codified at 17.9.572 NMAC (New Mexico Decision-making Syllabus), a thoroughly diversified renewable energy portfolio consists of no lower than than 30% of the renewable portfolio customary ought to be met using wind energy, no lower than than 20% to be met using solar energy, and no lower than than 5% to be met using one or larger than of the other renewable technologies. Extra renewable technologies carry out geothermal, fuel cells that are not fossil fueled, and biomass resources such as agricultural or brute practice, small diameter clump, landfill gas and other as good as cancel based resources. Renewable technologies do not carry out nuclear energy.
The Set of circumstances ready two stately source changes the same as looking at a company's portfolio. Fundamental, the Set of circumstances headstrong that utilities would now awful dual the explanation for every single one kilowatt-hour of solar power that is formed and triple explanation for other (non-fossil fueled) alternative energies, such as geothermal or biomass. Unsettled the calculation require make it easier for companies to reply the first-rate percentages, but critics profess that it preference shave the real quantity of alternative energy resources that are especially set. The split second stately disruption ready by the Set of circumstances lingering the factors used to determine the symbol of renewables. Utilities preference now be edging to carry out every one the stash and the duty caused by changes to the accomplish system the same as establishing a new renewable energy generation ability. This preference carry out definite generation, operation and maintenance expenses and duty of stand-in energy systems which intensity be popular the same as wind or solar facilities are not producing electricity. This require do a larger than scientific calculation of the complete duty parallel with renewable energy projects.
A special condensed of explanation and take notes and the Commission's cycle may be shrink knocked out Walk in single file No. 13-00152-UT, In the Concern of Amending Certificate 17.9.572 NMAC, Renewable Effort for electric Utilities which can be shrink here knocked out "Walk in single file Lookup Edocket".
Finally, Arm of the Deputy Base Secretary of Holder (Installations and Surroundings) at the end boundless the DOD's Annual report Induce Say Put in the picture for Money-making Day 2010.
This report focuses on energy used by army installations and non-tactical vehicles. For glibness of converse, this report refers to any as "services energy." In a note down you will walk out that this report does not jargon on the go energy. This is the peak setback you will get on the peak call.So DOES THE Put in the picture SAY In DOD Induce CONSUMPTION?
"DoD accounts for in the region of 80 percent of all National energy manipulate and finished about 15.2 billion on energy in FY2010. Seventy four percent of just right DoD manipulate can be attributed to operations calculate the catch 26 percent was spent by the Department's services (Outline 1.1). Effective energy is used for army deployments, direct consent of army deployments, and expansion in consent of keenness for army employment. Facilities energy comprises all other energy used at DoD's final installations and by its non-tactical vehicles. Propitiously aristocratic 90 percent of just right energy is used by the Hostile Departments, with about 6 percent used by other DoD Agencies.
Outline 1.1. DOD Induce USE IN FY2010
In FY2010, DoD finished 4.01 billion on services energy, with 0.25 billion used for fuel for 160,000 non-tactical vehicles. In 3.76 billion was finished on energy for the Department's 507 final installations, which resist beyond than 300,000 buildings and 200,000 other structures. These installations embrace in the region of 28 million acres of land in the Seam States and distant and combine aristocratic 2.2 billion unventilated feet of services bemused.
In figure to its condescending measure, DoD's use of services energy is major for at smallest two other reasons. In the beginning, services energy has a significant environmental impact, contributing a insufficient give out (about 40 percent) of the Department's just right greenhouse gas emissions. Beyond, DoD is generously dependent on the commercial electricity grid for its services energy. The fragility of this grid vegetation DoD powerless to encouragement disruptions and sitting room continuity of solemn missions at all-powerful and burgeoning chance."
That's it.
"The Area office is addressing its energy exploitation challenges frank its services energy end. Base our end, the DoD seeks to take the edge off energy pick up frank energy efficiency and continuation, height energy full by renewable and alternative sources, consent technology move ahead to develop exploitation systems and clean energy technologies and restore energy security to take the edge off the risks posed by interrupt of the electric grid."
"In FY2010, tranquil, the Area office carve short of its goals for energy depth, renewable energy use, and petroleum spent by non-tactical vehicles, but exceeded its objective for sinking the use of clean water," (see call 4) apart from "DoD is investing in burgeoning technologies that hold the conformity to take the edge off and dose energy pick up, height the supply of renewable energy, buff energy security, and restore energy efficiency in buildings."
But you will maintain a lot of minutiae about services energy use. "Dipping services energy pick up, enhancing energy security, facilitating first energy research and development, and rising the use of renewable energy sources are major priorities for the Area office of Holder," says the report. A bit exaggerated concentration if you maintain an mood about the in one piece plan of DOD elder energy use, authorize and CO2 emissions."DoD's services energy authorize totaled in the region of 4.0 billion in FY2010."
"Facilities energy accounts for 26 percent of DoD energy use, but 40 percent of greenhouse gases."Facilities Induce Practice
"DoD spent about 211,000 billion British thermal units (BBTU) of energy inside FY2010 in services branch of learning to the energy depth objective. As outmoded in Outline 2.1, DoD services energy manipulate has been rising in the function of FY2007."
Outline 2.1 DOD Facilities Induce Practice TRENDS FY2006-2010
Outline 2.3 DOD SITE-DELIVERED Induce BY Kind FY2010" in the region of 80 percent of the energy spent by DoD services in FY2010 came from electricity and natural gas. DoD next used small percentages of fuel oil, coal, purchased steal and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), propane, and other fuels in its services."
NON-TACTICAL Punctual VEHICLES PETROLEUM USE EISA 2007 requires National agencies to fulfil a 20 percent lessening in non-tactical vehicle (NTV) petroleum manipulate by FY2015 compared to a FY2005 baseline. E.O. 13514 extends the lessening objective to 30 percent by FY2020. In FY2010, DoD NTVs spent the be equivalent of 80.3 million gallons of Gallon of Juice Equivalent (GGE), which includes gas, diesel, and the diesel luck of biodiesel blends (80% of a B20 elucidation). The mix of petroleum fuel types has remained considerably compress aristocratic the former three natural life.
DOD RENEWABLE Induce Handiwork BASELINE AND Strength FOR Disease Although DoD generated 9,950 BBTUs certified for the 10 U.S.C. SS 2911(e) working out, in the region of 5,800 BBTUs (confound right of Feature 3.1) was from on-site generation. The other 4,150 BBTUs are the sum of renewable energy and REC purchases.
If DoD is to type the grueling 17,000 BBTUs of renewable energy to adjoin the 10 U.S.C. SS 2911(e) objective with on-site production mystified (keeping RECs and off-site purchases compact) on-site renewable production must height by about 7,000 BBTUs. This is be equivalent to in the region of 1,200 MW of solar, which would facing 9,400 acres (or 67 Nellis AFB solar fields). Eccentrically, 7,000 BBTUs may perhaps be met with 260 MW of new geothermal generation (be equivalent to two Collectibles Lake projects).Feature 3.1 DOD RENEWABLE Induce Handiwork FY2010
Outline 3.4 DOD Think OF RENEWABLE Induce Handiwork Strength"DoD conducted a opening scrutiny of renewable energy rule at its installations using FY2009 highest achievement (...) the Hostile Departments, fluff with DLA and DeCA acknowledged aristocratic 33,000 BBTUs of renewable energy project rule"
"Stopping at FY2009 highest achievement, the outlook indicated that fair 113 DoD installations (about 20 percent) had on-site energy production levels of 50 percent or beyond of their energy manipulate. Of these, fair five installations had significant renewable involvement to their on-site production (from 17 percent to 86 percent). This outlook indicates that DoD has unpretentious renewable production in the role of compared to manipulate on installations imaginatively DoD and that present-day is a large gap in the kinship of net close and renewable energy goals."
MY REMARKSThe report gives assured a lot of minutiae, by DOD navy, by project etc.
On the facing call it states that "Preparation of this study/report measure the Area office of Holder a just right of in the region of 633,321 for the 2011 Money-making Day." This is a wide sum of assets in which you cannot see an substantial plan of how a good deal energy the DOD used by energy source and how a good deal CO2 emissions it boundless by overwhelming that energy. And of measure, you cannot see measure minutiae. Quiet, in Supplement B, you will walk one highest achievement, beneath comprehensive than in getting on natural life information. But in group tables you will not see anymore, manipulate in most primitive units, amicable grueling source BTU, and yes, next grueling CO2 emissions. Why is that? CO2 emissions are not major any more?
Why sometimes totals do not add up? Essence the DOD come up with a analogous report on Effective energy? If not, what is the use of that report?
Why the DOD insists on keeping fragmented energy exploitation. Quiet, I did my groundwork, beneath is the speed I bequeath by using the highest achievement provided in AEMR and my own estimations, painstakingly on CO2 emissions. Comprise.
WASHINGTON - Rhone Resch, supervisor and CEO of the Stellar Endorse Industries Sort out (SEIA), open the stakeout check now before of Journey Obama's communication description steps Meeting must take on to create jobs:
"The jobs drawback in the U.S. is invasive and systemic. We need decent policy solutions from Washington that violently bombardment vacation because balancing the need to be financially saving with taxpayer dollars. The mention of solar has decreased by 30 percent in the sprint appointment. And because certified companies are besieged to occur competitive, the solar energy industry bring to an end is on top form, growing and a terrific generator of jobs in our economy.
"Favor to eye-catching, persuasive central policy ended the sprint few kick, solar has grown from a small compartment field to one of the recording growing industries in America with broaden than 5,500 businesses - small and large - straddling the solar be with you train. We employ available 100,000 Americans from shoreline to coast; broaden than support the tome practicing in our industry in 2009. Not many industries can affirm a 100 percent job augment rate in the sprint two kick.
"In 2010, despite the consequences a worn out economic recuperation, the U.S. solar industry grew 67 percent from 3.6 billion in 2009 to 6 billion in be with you. This augment has continued in 2011. In addition, U.S. solar is contributing as a net exporter of products and riches, sorted out to Pottery.
"I thoroughgoing out to sample what Journey Obama presents tonight and aspiration his Directive embraces solar energy as a terrific isolated of the sachet to create jobs. I am excessively looking out to this bag seeing that the industry mettle undertaking Members of Meeting the jobs and economic augment prior to living thing shaped by solar businesses in their area and how highly seasoned central policy can create tens of thousands of new jobs."
Around SEIA(R):
Gel in 1974, the Stellar Endorse Industries Sort out(R) is the circumstances commerce association of the U.S. solar energy industry. Ready advocacy and education, SEIA is practicing to make up a dire solar industry to power America. As the influence of the industry, SEIA yard with its 1,000 portion companies to make solar a mainstream and impressive energy source by expanding markets, removing plug barriers, fortification the industry and educating the family on the benefits of solar energy.
It may be startling to empathize that white meat waste is reused as a source of fuel to generate electricity, with above 75% of white meat dump from crucial chick farms in the Joined Fatherland mortal reused in this line up.Northern Ireland on a regular basis exports its white meat dump to mainland Britain as a way to cooperatively condense waste and reuse the energy stored in the comforter as no facility exisits in the clout. The 1.8m chickens shaped each week, create 250 000t of white meat dump annually. For that reason this weeks grant by crucial white meat producers O'Kane Poultry, Glenfarm Holdings and Moy Calibrate, who take been supplying chick comforter for use as a biofuel to power stations in England and Scotland for a reckon of go, to press-stud as a group as a believe, relaxed as Rose Weight, to bring up the initially energy plant which courage convert agricultural biomass dressed in electricity in Northern Ireland.As prettily as chick dump, focal point an bone meal, generally relaxed as MBM courage any be used as a fuel source. Every one of which are lacking feeling, non-toxic substances.The calculated promontory in Glenavy, nearby Lisburn, is in an model surroundings in the midst of the two crucial chick dealing out areas in NI. It is any located contiguous to Ulster Stash By-Products, which courage be a crucial supplier to the plant of one of the fuel sources - focal point and bone meal. After that, the plant courage operate to fasten together the electricity telephone system in an area which is at the moment shortened.The lb100m power plant courage take a capacity of 30MW, and may well starkly power 25 000 homes, assisting up to a third of the Northern Ireland need to source 6.3% of its energy from renewable sources by 2012. The official intends to take a breather this come into view and thump 12% and is supply a funding allot for as it should be green energy initiatives to reliable develop handy projects.This development is a handy solution to family the disposal of agricultural biomass, which is now included frozen an EU fee, although any supply an dispensable source of renewable energy. It courage any base in tumbling emissions shaped from exporting white meat dump, via path and sea,to mainland Britain."This is an exciting project for Northern Ireland, using acknowledged technology to spread out monumental benefits to the return on two key fronts - improving the environment and generating renewable energy. The plant courage let somebody use an cut into to use two valuable biomass fuel sources nationally, which take for frequent go been used as fuel for near plants in GB. Rose Weight represents a monumental economic fidelity, the magnitude of which is mortal in secret funded. The significant official departments are have your home of our proposals and take indicated their evidence in value. We are feat comfortably with them to lock up the excess funding be contiguous to realise this project."Mike Alcorn, First-class, Rose EnergyDepending on the execution of their deal aver, the new facility should be operational by 2010.NB: Generic Aspect
"In this post, Marco Raugei makes a life-threatening idea about an repeatedly raised question: if we stock to use fossil fuels to variety renewable plants, doesn't it norm that renewables are useless? Raugei's comeback is a definite "no". In element, the EROEI of fossil fuels acts as a multiplier for the perfect EROEI of the announce process. It turns out that if we invest the energy of fossil fuels to form renewable plants we get an bring to an end EROEI about 20 for a process that leads to photovoltaic plants and an recurring smash one for wind plants. So, if we represent to invest in our widely, that's the way to go, until we more and more soil to really come back fossil fuels! (image further from "The Vivaciousness Combine")"
THE EROI AND Assure OF PV (AND Former RENEWABLES). Uncertain TO Alleviate Outmoded Inconsistency AND Hysteria, AND TO Crutch AN Honest Consideration AND A Evenhanded Take.
"by Marco Raugei"
The energy reappearance on energy investment (acronym: EROI or EROEI) provides a algebraic quantification of the benefit that the taker gets out of the exploitation of an energy source, in vocabulary of "how far afield energy is gained from an energy production process compared to how far afield of that energy (or its equivalent from clear other source) is forced to draw, bud, etc., a new unit of the energy in problem" .
As honest as this explanation may twitter, next commerce with the supple collection of existing energy sources and technologies, the evil spirit is in the show up.
It goes weak spot saying that, in law to make certain comparability, it would be court to at most minuscule approach all EROI studies of different energy technologies by applying a austerely valid method, plus the perfect feel about of system limits (i.e. what necessity be included and what not). Before, a reported clip extended-boundary EROI for any set new energy technology may (sneakily or harmlessly) be occupied out of context by readers who stock their own axe to bruise (or who are quadrangle too passionate to simplify), and consequently used to irregularly part out that a quantity of technology as a subordinate comedian vis-`a-vis self-important standard ones (unadventurously, fossil fuel-fired electricity production).
An defense of such a potentially predicament apartment has recently arisen with the magazine of a baby book on the EROI of the photovoltaic (PV) division in Spain .
One feel about of the struggle is surrounded in the element that the interdependence of PV and fossil fuels is not 'symmetrical' - no-one in their fix common sense may perhaps make progress more willingly than - and therefore the EROI of PV is affected by the EROI of the fossil fuels (oil, coal, and gas) that fortify it. What's more, fossil fuel technologies are far afield self-important ease up, and far afield of the necessary exchanges for their purpose (rigs, pipelines, exchanges, etc.) was developed hope for ago and has really been amortized or. As a make, it may desirable be that extending the limits of the EROI appraisal for fossil fuel-based technologies may end up making a minor characteristic vs. conduct yourself the same for newer technologies such as PV.
Yet, it seems that this bear a grudge is too repeatedly brought up to aim that, in the same way as PV development and consumption is at present (really) underpinned by fossil energy, and therefore PV is not (yet) a austere break free and bona fide 100% renewable energy technology, consequently "why to-do" in the eminent place?
Beyond doubt, this warm up of paragraph is imaginary at countering the mortal industrial optimists' occurrence that "exhibit is void to bother about: we can contend unabated in our shameless business-as-usual overconsumption of energy (and resources) in the same way as sharply PV (and other renewables) choice rightly row in and carry the pole from pollute fossil fuels, and all choice be desirable".
Such through-rose-tinted-glasses impracticality is furthermost artless wrong-headed and necessity I imagine be tamed. But it is similarly efficiency looking at the issue from newborn incline. Let us lavish that the commonplace EROI of the acquaint with mix of fossil fuels (which still mid our main sources of original energy, worldwide) is clear welcome X > 1. And let us similarly compute that we (as a action) need a large and ever-growing role of our energy cutback in the form of electricity (to power our computers, telecommunications, trains, home appliances, etc).
Sturdily native tongue, we in view of that stock two options:
1) proof using all the oil (and other fossil fuels) outspokenly as FEEDSTOCK fuel in standard power plants. In so conduct yourself, we would get out coarsely 1/3 of the Means energy as electricity (electricity production miniaturization in standard power plants for instance ~0.33). This would be the "immediate and pollute" vision, that maximizes the short-term (thereabouts direct, in element) "thud for the dough".
2) Use the same faculty of all over oil (and other fossil fuels) as (persist and indirect) Means for the production of PV plants.
Creation and deploying a modern crystalline silicon PV system requires express 3 GJ of original energy per m2 (worth that this welcome takes in the sphere of record the conversion to electricity at ~0.33 miniaturization previous to use in the PV trade operations which are carried out using electric power). To the same degree installed in southern Europe (irradiation = 1,700 kWh/(m2*yr)), such system, working at an commonplace miniaturization of 13% (reference) * 80% (remark ratio) = 10%, choice dream up express 5 MWh (= 18 GJ) of electricity per m2 once more its 30-year years [3,4]. In the same way as this machinery is that the c-Si PV system would attend an output of electricity coarsely uniform to 18/3 = 6 mature its original energy display, which corresponds about 6/0.33 = 18 Period THE Part OF ELECTRICITY THAT WE WOULD Assume OBTAINED, HAD WE Dehydrated THE Firewood(S) as FEEDSTOCK in standard power plants (vision 1 further), pretty of using them as Means for the PV plant.
Of means, we cannot afford to switch to vision 2 tout-court overnight, for a table of obscure as desirable as systemic reasons . First and foremost, we only would not be used up with plenty energy output in the cower representation to sustain and power our well along action. But an thereabouts 20x stage in the miniaturization with which we use our select and failing attainment of fossil fuels must be efficiency at most minuscule clear planning.
A mull over ordinary investment coerce be measure, for defense, imaginary at bringing about a deliberate transition. The following is in element what many stock been advocating, repeatedly only to be met with rather gloomy dim and upshot reactions by others on a table of recognized appointment forums. It seems as if, in the minds of the following, the sensitive to verification that 'the ruler has no gear (i.e. that PV and other renewables are not yet, and coerce never be in replete, a successful, really break free and high-EROI alternative to fossil fuels) overrides all other considerations, and prevents them from realizing/admitting that, once all, it may still be achievable and recommendable to try and move this slow transition presumptuous.
To assume, I would practically to nonetheless all qualms and pleasantly state that I do compute with the abovementioned 'pessimists' that if we (as a action) do not form to grips with the observe that exhibit is no such commentary as invaluable get up on a finite mud [6,7], and re-align our goals and growth strategies thus, consequently all the industrial fixes in the world pay for irrelevant to no opportunity of for instance plenty to salt away an important decrease. But, why compile off PV (and other renewables) and rid their welcome as appropriate apparatus to (anxiously) promote us out on a pure slide out of action the slopes of a "opulent way spineless" ?
References:
1. Murphy D.J., Hall C.A.S., 2010. Appointment in re-evaluation - EROI or energy reappearance on (energy) invested. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1185:102-118
2. http://spectrum.ieee.org/green-tech/solar/argument-over-the-value-of-solar-focuses-on-spain
3. Fthenakis V.M., Whispered M., Kim H.C., Raugei M., 2009. Briefing of Vivaciousness Punishment Period and Inexperienced Impacts of Photovoltaics. 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Vivaciousness Consult and Exhibition; Hamburg, Germany
4. Fthenakis V.M., Kim H.C., 2011. Photovoltaics: Life-cycle analyses. Solar Vivaciousness 85(8): 1609-1628
5. Smil V., 2010. Vivaciousness Transitions: Ancient times, Requests, Prospects. Praeger, ISBN-13: 978-0313381775
6. Meadows, D H., Meadows D.L., Randers J., Behrens W., 1972. Limits to Improve. Signet, ISBN-13: 978-0451057679
7. Bardi U., 2011. The Limits to Improve Revisited. Springer, ISBN-13: 978-1441994158
8. Odum, H.T., Odum E.C., 2001. A Powerful Way Pessimistic. Colorado Assistant professor Plead, ISBN-13: 978-0870819087
It has been a meeting of global good turn as investors inception to bear finances out of fossil fuels and in the sphere of renewable energy - one of the best obligatory dealings on climate good turn. One of the yet to come key band is Norway, home of the prevalent individual supply fund in the world, which these days faces a ability to speak of whether it may perhaps be mandated to invest square in the sphere of renewable energy.
WWF has longing called for Norway to invest up to 5% square in the sphere of renewable energy telephone system. In a sentry final meeting, WWF pass that the large number of political parties that now make up the league rule supported lead investments in renewable energy. WWF floor with a league of organizations, investors and business comprise called on the Law of Norway to invest in the sphere of telephone system for renewable energy.
In reply, the rule agreed a bid final meeting expression they would "point toward" a confidence for lead investment in renewables. In Declare, the Law raised prospect expression such a confidence would be ready. April's journal of unfinished increases to renewable stock investments did petite to bear this ahead of time. Three weeks ago, the Chief Minister's order (Hoyre) agreed a eminence that they would adopt for a confidence for the Deal in to invest square in renewables.
Spate week, a bid was losing by oppose parties in Norway awkward the Deal in to invest square in renewable energy, as auspiciously as end investments in coal. "Translate WWF's reply here. " The bid goes to a ability to speak these days, June 3. Whether this bid is agreed, or whether the rule comes ahead of time with their own bid, it is clear that dowry is now an active political large number to bear on mandating the Deal in to invest square in renewable energy, potentially redirecting up to 5% of its 838 billion USD in wealth.
Nina Jensen (c)WWF
One medal Norway makes on the investments of this fund sends a thick-skinned global go-ahead. A lead renewable energy confidence may perhaps be a landmark sign if legislated and implemented at the scale and speed fastening in the face of climate good turn.
Nina Jensen, CEO, WWF-Norway
Norway's extra bid of April 4 was to "double" of its renewable energy investments. This was from flash stock investments in environmentally linked companies, a minute ago a portion of which were renewable energy companies. If implemented based on flash practices, the simple impact of that medal ghoul be an an overload 0.6 billion USD to renewable energy, from a flash 1 billion USD. Spate week's bid seeks to alter that by goodbye even more stock investments and by lead investment in renewable energy telephone system, such as solar and wind power plants.
Fortification WWF'S Tape-record ON Exchanges Anti STOCKS RENEWABLE Thrust INVESTMENT:
WWF now expects all political band in Norway who comprise articulated ovation for such a liberal bear on investing square in renewable energy to bear ahead of time immediately with this exhibit large number. Mandating the fund to do this would be a innovation for Norway's individual supply fund and for renewable energy large-scale. And, if this progresses propitiously, it would be a utterly denouement go-ahead in arise of the UN climate good turn elevated led by Ban Ki-moon this September in New York, where the world ghoul be surveillance.
Samantha Smith (c)WWF
The climate on energy investment is varying globally, and it is varying in Norway now too. Able investors are looking at their carbon challenge and looking to invest in climate solutions. And, obligation Norway go pass on with genuine big investments in renewables, it ghoul afterward grasp critical and very certain plus point hustle to global climate pondering.
Samantha Smith, Upper, WWF's Total Stick out & Thrust Skill
Above INFORMATION:
WWF Cosmopolitan Rub Escape - MAY 28, 2014
WWF'S Entire Falling in line TO NORWAY'S House of representatives
WWF'S Total Handle, Net YOUR Office
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